What do insects, anurans, birds, and mammals have to say about soundscape indices in a tropical savanna
1 Laboratory of Bioacoustics, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
2 Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
3 Applied Ecology and Conservation Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
4 General Biology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 5 Oct 2017 / Accepted: 3 Jan 2018 / Published: 27 Feb 2018
Abstract
The application of acoustic indices is incipient and still needs validation before it can reliably characterize soundscapes and monitor rapidly disappearing hot-spot areas as the Brazilian tropical savanna (Cerrado). Here we investigate which of six acoustic indices better correlate with the 24 h zoophony richness of insects, anurans, birds, and mammals. We sampled one minute every 30 minutes for seven days on three sites in Serra da Canastra National Park (Minas Gerais state, Brazil) and extracted the sonotype richness and six indices based on recordings with a bandwidth of up to 48 kHz. The Acoustic Diversity, Evenness, Entropy, and Normalized Difference Soundscape indices followed the temporal trends of the sonotype richness of insects and anurans. The Acoustic Complexity (ACI) and Bioacoustic (BIO) indices did not correlated with sonotype richness. ACI and BIO were influenced by sonic abundance and geophony. We emphasize the need to include insects and anurans on soundscape and acoustic ecology analyses and to avoid bias on avian fauna alone. We also suggest that future studies explore measures of sonic abundance and acoustic niche occupation of sonotypes to complement measures of zoophony richness and better understand what each faunal group is telling us about indices.
Keywords: Acoustic Indices; zoophony; tropical savanna; sonotype richness; diel patterns; insects
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CITE
Sousa-Lima, R.S.; Ferreira, L.M.; Oliveira, E.G.; Lopes, L.C.; Brito, M.R.; Baumgarten, J.; Rodrigues, F.H. What do insects, anurans, birds, and mammals have to say about soundscape indices in a tropical savanna. JEA 2018, 2, 2.
Sousa-Lima RS, Ferreira LM, Oliveira EG, Lopes LC, Brito MR, Baumgarten J, Rodrigues FH. What do insects, anurans, birds, and mammals have to say about soundscape indices in a tropical savanna. Journal of Ecoacoustics. 2018; 2(1):2.
Sousa-Lima, Renata S.; Ferreira, Luane M.; Oliveira, Eliziane G.; Lopes, Lara C.; Brito, Marcos R.; Baumgarten, Júlio; Rodrigues, Flávio H. 2018. "What do insects, anurans, birds, and mammals have to say about soundscape indices in a tropical savanna." JEA 2, no. 1: 2.
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