TY  - EJOU
AU  - Grafe, G. T. Ulmar
AU  - Tony, T. Joremy A.
TI  - Temporal variation in acoustic and visual signalling as a function of stream background noise in the Bornean foot-flagging frog, Staurois parvus 
T2  - Journal of Ecoacoustics

PY  - 2017
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SN  - 2516-1466

AB  - High background noise can interfere with signal detection and perception. Bornean foot-flagging frogs,Staurois parvus, live along noisy streams and use both acoustic and visual signals to communicate. It remains unclear why acoustic signalling is retained given that visual signalling appears to have clear advantages under these noisy conditions. We hypothesized that temporal dynamics in stream noise have shaped the multimodal communication system inS. parvuswith acoustic signalling at an advantage under more quiet conditions, whereas visual signals will prevail when the noise of rushing water is high after rains. We found that as predicted, maleS. parvusincreased foot flagging and decreased advertisement calling when presented with playbacks of stream noise compared to less noisy pre-playback conditions. Such context-dependent dynamic-selection regimes are recently gaining wider attention and enhance our understanding of the flexibility seen in the use of multimodal signals inS. parvus.
KW  - acoustic
KW  - frog
KW  - noise
KW  - Stream
KW  - Temporal
KW  - Visual Signalling
KW  - Playbacks
KW  - Parvus
KW  - Bornean
KW  - Staurois
DO  - 10.22261/jea.x74qe0